vertical interference structures

Validated at depth and frequency a joint method sharpens target localization

Validated at depth and frequency, a joint matching method sharpens target localization in the deep-ocean direct arrival zone. By combining very-low-frequency data for robust range estimation with medium-frequency data for depth, this approach dramatically improves accuracy, 85% for range and 96% for depth over traditional methods. It also proves remarkably resilient to depth-prior deviations and geoacoustic variations. For deeper context on how data-driven models are reshaping ocean dynamics, see our related piece, "A data-driven model reveals how the atmosphere drives ocean dynamics."