diverse adaptive robust engineering

Engineering resilience from nature: DARE for uncertain climate futures

Nature thrives without a forecast. Ecosystems manage uncertainty through diversity, adaptability, and robustness, principles we now formalize as DARE. This shifts engineering from predicting input conditions, like wave height, to managing output outcomes, like wave runup. It is a pragmatic, prediction-free toolkit for coastal flooding and salt intrusion. DARE offers a measurable path forward when climate models reach their limits. For deeper context on how human systems strain ocean health, see our related coverage on the rise of plastic production.