bed slope (i)

Validated impact pressure models for dam-break waves on sloping wet beds

Validated impact pressure models for dam-break waves on sloping wet beds reveal that upstream water depth and bed slope amplify peak impact pressure, while longer downstream channels reduce it. This large-scale flume study provides empirical, calibrated data showing nonlinear pressure variation and an inverse correlation with water depth ratio under bore conditions. For undular waves, peak pressure peaks at a specific ratio before declining. Understanding these measurable, longitudinal dynamics is essential for enhancing structural impact resistance.